ʻO Sapphire, ka "hōkū kiʻekiʻe" o ka ʻohana Corundum, ua like ia me ke kanaka ʻōpio i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o kahi "ʻahu uliuli hohonu". Akā, ma hope o ka hālāwai ʻana me ia i nā manawa he nui, e ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole ʻo "blue" wale nō kona kapa kapa, ʻaʻole hoʻi he "pololei hohonu". Mai ka “cornflower blue” a i ka “royal blue”, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻulaʻula nani. Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe he ʻano monotonous ka uliuli, E hōʻike iā ʻoe i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina, melemele, ʻalani, poni, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele hou.
Sapphire o nā kala like ʻole
Sapphire
ʻO ka haku mele: Al₂O₃ \ nKa waihoʻoluʻu: ʻO ka hoʻololi kala o ka sapphire ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea like ʻole i loko o kona lattice. Me nā kala āpau o ka ʻohana corundum koe wale nō ka ruby. ʻO ka paʻakikī: ʻO ka paʻakikī Mohs he 9, ʻelua wale nō i ke daimana. Māmā: 3.95-4.1 grams no ke kenimika cubic \ nBirefractive index: 0.008-0.010 \ nLuster: Māmā a hiki i semi-transparent, vitreous luster a sub-diamond luster. ʻO ka hopena optical kūikawā: Loaʻa i kekahi mau sapphires ka hopena kukui hōkū. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka wili ʻana i ke ʻano o ke arc, ʻo nā mea hoʻokomo maikaʻi i loko (e like me ka rutile) e hoʻomālamalama i ka mālamalama, e hōʻike ana i ka piko o ka pōhaku makamae e hōʻike i nā kukuna hōkū ʻeono.
ʻEono kiʻi Starlight Sapphire
Nā wahi hana nui
ʻO nā wahi hana kaulana ʻo Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, India a me nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika.
He ʻano ʻokoʻa ko nā sapphires mai nā kumu like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā sapphires i hana ʻia ma Myanmar, Kashmir a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i waihoʻoluʻu me ka titanium, e hōʻike ana i kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, aʻo nā mea mai Australia, Thailand a me Kina e kala ʻia me ka hao, e hopena i kahi kala ʻeleʻele.
Genesis o ka waiho
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka sapphire he hana paʻakikī, maʻamau ma lalo o nā kūlana geological kikoʻī.
Ke kumu metamorphic: Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pōhaku waiwai nui o ka magnesium (e like me ke kinikini) me ka wai nui o ka titanium/hao, hānau ʻia ka corundum ma lalo o ke kaomi o 6-12kbar ma 700-900 ℃. ʻO ka "welvet effect" inclusions o Kashmir sapphire ʻo ia ka "hōʻailona" o kēia kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe.
Magmatic genesis: ʻO ka pelemaka basaltic e lawe ana i nā kristal corundum e hū aʻe i ka ʻili, e hana ana i nā waihona e like me Mogu ma Myanmar. ʻO nā sapphires maʻaneʻi he mau rutiite inclusions, i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma keʻano "starlight".
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pua ʻano rutile inclusions i Mogok sapphires mai Myanmar
ʻAno Pegmatite: ʻO ka placer sapphires mai Sri Lanka ka "hoʻoilina" o ka weathering o granitic pegmatite.
ʻO Sri Lanka placer sapphire pōhaku ʻala
Ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohana
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sapphire ma waena o nā kula e like me nā mea nani, ʻepekema, hoʻonaʻauao a me nā ʻōlelo noʻeau.
ʻO ka waiwai pōhaku: Hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ʻo Sapphire no kona waihoʻoluʻu nani, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a paʻa, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā mea nani kiʻekiʻe e like me nā apo, nā lei, nā apo pepeiao a me nā kūpeʻe lima.
Nā sapphires o nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole a me nā ion chromic
ʻO ka manaʻo hōʻailona: He hōʻailona ʻo Sapphire i ka kūpaʻa, kūpaʻa, lokomaikaʻi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a ʻo ia ka pōhaku hānau no Kepakemapa a me ka hāʻule.
Hoʻohana ʻenehana: Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he pōhaku makamae, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka sapphire i ka hana ʻana i ke aniani aniani no nā wati a me nā mea puka makani no nā mea hana optical ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike.
Sapphi synthetic
Hana ʻia ʻo Synthetic sapphire i loko o ka hale hana, akā ʻo kona mau mea kemika, optical a me ke kino, ʻaneʻane like me nā minerala maoli.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka synthesizing / hana i ka sapphire
Ma 1045, mālama ʻia nā pōhaku corundum ma kahi mahana o 1100 ° C e wehe i ka hue uliuli o nā rubi.
I ka makahiki 1902, ua hana ʻia ka corundum i hana mua ʻia e ka mea lapaʻau Farani ʻo Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ahi ma 1902.
I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻomehana ʻia ka geuda sapphire mai Sri Lanka i kahi wela kiʻekiʻe (1500 ° C +) e hoʻohuli i ka uliuli.
I ke kauwela o 2003, ua hoʻopuka ʻo GIA i kahi noiʻi hou koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka diffusion beryllium i nā rubi a me nā sapphires.
He makemake koʻikoʻi ko ke Aliʻi i nā sapeira?
Leialii Auseturia
Hana ʻia ka iwi i ke gula a hoʻokomo ʻia me nā momi, nā daimana a me nā rubi. Aia ma waenakonu o ka piko o ka lei aliʻi he sapphire nani loa.
Queen Victoria Sapphire a me Daimana
ʻO ka lei aliʻi holoʻokoʻa i hana ʻia i ke gula a me ke kālā, me ka laulā o 11.5 kenimika. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia me 11 cushion-shaped a me nā sapphi-like-like ʻoki ʻia a hoʻonani ʻia me nā daimana ʻokiʻoki kahiko. He makana kēia a ke Aliʻi Albert i hāʻawi aku i ka Mōʻīwahine i ka lā ma mua o kāna male ʻana i ka makahiki 1840.
Ka Leialii o ke Aupuni Beritania
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia lei me 5 rubi, 17 sapeira, 11 emeralds, 269 mau momi a me 2,868 daimana o nā ʻano nui like ʻole.
ʻO ka sapphire o Empress Maria o Tsarist Russia
Ua pena ʻo Konstantin Makovsky i kahi kiʻi o Maria. I loko o ke kiʻi pena, ua ʻaʻahu ʻia ʻo Maria i ka ʻaʻahu nani a ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i kahi hui piha o nā lole sapphire nani loa. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka lei i mua o kona ʻāʻī ka mea ʻoi loa ka nānā ʻana, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me kahi sapphire oval e kaupaona ana he 139 carats.
He nani loa ka Sapphire. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa kekahi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai ma muli o ke kala, ka mālamalama, ke ʻano ʻokiʻoki, ke kaumaha, ke kumu a inā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻaʻole paha. E ʻoluʻolu e makaʻala i ke kūʻai ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he hōʻailona ia o "ka kūpaʻa a me ka naʻauao". Mai hoʻoluliluli ʻia e kēlā “kukui hōkū”.
XKH's ʻO nā mea pōhaku ʻoʻoleʻa sapphire:
XKH's Sapphire pahu kiai:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-12-2025