ʻO Sapphire, ka "hōkū kiʻekiʻe" o ka ʻohana Corundum, ua like ia me ke kanaka ʻōpio i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o kahi "ʻaʻahu polū hohonu". Akā ma hope o ka hālāwai ʻana me ia i nā manawa he nui, e ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole wale kona kapa komo he "polū" wale nō, ʻaʻole hoʻi he "polū hohonu". Mai ka "polū cornflower" a i ka "polū aliʻi", he ʻālohilohi kēlā me kēia ʻano polū. Ke manaʻo ʻoe he mea monotonous iki ka polū, e hōʻike hou ia iā ʻoe i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina, melemele, ʻalani, poni, poni a me ka ʻeleʻele.
Sapphire o nā kala like ʻole
Sapeiro
ʻAno Kemika: Al₂O₃ \ nKala: ʻO ka loli kala o ka sapeiro ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea like ʻole i loko o kona lattice. Me nā kala āpau o ka ʻohana corundum koe wale nō ka ruby. Paʻakikī: ʻO ka paʻakikī Mohs he 9, ʻo ka lua wale nō i ka daimana. Density: 3.95-4.1 grams no ke kenimika cubic \ nBirefractive index: 0.008-0.010 \ nLuster: ʻIke maopopo a semi-transparent, vitreous luster a sub-diamond luster. Hopena optical kūikawā: Loaʻa i kekahi mau sapeiro kahi hopena hōkū. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka wili ʻana i ke ʻano arc, hōʻike nā mea i hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia i loko (e like me ka rutile) i ka mālamalama, e hōʻike ana i ka piko o ka pōhaku makamae i ʻeono mau kukuna hōkū.
ʻEono pana ʻo Starlight Sapphire
Nā wahi hana nui
ʻO nā wahi hana kaulana e pili ana iā Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, India a me nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika.
He ʻano like ʻole nā sapeiro mai nā kumu like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ua kala ʻia nā sapeiro i hana ʻia ma Myanmar, Kashmir a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe me ka titanium, e hōʻike ana i kahi kala polū ʻālohilohi, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea mai Australia, Thailand a me Kina ua kala ʻia me ka hao, e hopena ana i kahi kala ʻeleʻele.
Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka waihona kālā
He hana paʻakikī ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka sapeiro, ma lalo o nā kūlana honua kikoʻī.
Kumu hoʻololi: Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pōhaku waiwai magnesium (e like me ke kinikini) me nā wai waiwai titanium/hao, hānau ʻia ka corundum ma lalo o ke kaomi o 6-12kbar ma 700-900℃. ʻO nā hoʻokomo "hopena velvet" o Kashmir sapphire ʻo ia ka "hōʻailona" o kēia kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe.
Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Magmatic: Puka aʻe ka magma basaltic e lawe ana i nā kristal corundum i luna, e hana ana i nā waihona e like me Mogu ma Myanmar. Loaʻa pinepine nā sapphires ma aneʻi i nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo rutiite, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano "starlight".
ʻO nā ʻano rutile inclusions pua-ʻano i loko o nā sapphires Mogok mai Myanmar
ʻAno Pegmatite: ʻO nā sapphire placer mai Sri Lanka ka "hoʻoilina" o ka hoʻoilo ʻia ʻana o ka granite pegmatite.
Pōhaku ʻinoʻino sapeiro placer Sri Lanka
Ka Waiwai a me ka Hoʻohana
ʻO ka hoʻohana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka sapeiro e pālahalaha ana ma nā ʻano like me nā mea hoʻonani, ka ʻepekema, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hōʻike kiʻi.
Ka waiwai o ka pōhaku makamae: Ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Sapphire no kona waihoʻoluʻu nani, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā mea hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe e like me nā apo, nā lei, nā apo pepeiao a me nā kūpeʻe lima.
Nā sapphires o nā kala like ʻole a me nā ion chromic
Manaʻo hōʻailona: Hōʻailona ʻo Sapphire i ka kūpaʻa, ke kūpaʻa, ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a ʻo ia ka pōhaku hānau no Kepakemapa a me ka hāʻule.
Nā hoʻohana ʻoihana: Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he pōhaku makamae, hoʻohana ʻia ka sapeiro i ka hana ʻana i ke aniani kristal no nā wati a me nā mea puka makani no nā mea hana optical ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka transparecy.
Sapeiro hana ʻia
Hana ʻia ka sapeiro synthetic i loko o ka hale hana, akā ʻo kona mau waiwai kemika, optical a me ke kino ua aneane like ia me nā minelala kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka synthesizing / processing sapphire
I ka makahiki 1045, ua mālama ʻia nā pōhaku makamae corundum ma ka mahana o 1100°C e wehe i ka ʻuliuli o nā rubies.
I ka makahiki 1902, ua hana ʻia ka corundum i hana mua ʻia e ka mea kemika Farani ʻo Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe lapalapa i ka makahiki 1902.
I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻomehana ʻia ka sapeiro geuda mai Sri Lanka i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe (1500°C+) e hoʻolilo iā ia i polū.
I ke kauwela o 2003, ua paʻi ʻo GIA i kahi noiʻi hou koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka beryllium i loko o nā rubies a me nā sapeiro.
He makemake nui ko ka Lei Aliʻi i nā sapeiro?
Lei Aliʻi ʻAukekulia
Ua hana ʻia ke iwi i ke gula a ua hoʻokomo ʻia me nā momi, nā daimana a me nā rubi. Ma waenakonu o ka piko o ka lei aliʻi he sapeiro ʻālohilohi loa.
ʻO ka Mōʻīwahine Victoria Sapphire a me ka Lei Aliʻi Daimana
Hana ʻia ka lei aliʻi holoʻokoʻa i ke gula a me ke kālā, me ka laulā o 11.5 kenimika. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia me 11 mau sapeiro ʻokiʻoki ʻano uluna a me ke ʻano manu lele a ua hoʻonani ʻia me nā daimana ʻokiʻoki kahiko ʻālohilohi. He makana kēia a ke Aliʻi Albert i hāʻawi aku ai i ka Mōʻīwahine i ka lā ma mua o kona male ʻana i ka makahiki 1840.
Ka Lei Aliʻi o ke Aupuni Pelekane
Ua hoʻonoho ʻia kēia lei aliʻi me 5 mau rubi, 17 mau sapeiro, 11 mau emerala, 269 mau momi a me 2,868 mau daimana o nā nui like ʻole.
ʻO ka sapeiro o Empress Maria o Tsarist Russia
Ua pena ʻia kekahi kiʻi o Maria e ka mea pena kiʻi Lūkini ʻo Konstantin Makovsky. Ma ke kiʻi, ua ʻaʻahu ʻia ʻo Maria i nā lole nani a ua komo i kahi seti piha o nā lole sapeiro hanohano loa. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka lei ma mua o kona ʻāʻī ka mea i ʻoi aku ka hoihoi, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me kahi sapeiro oval he 139 carats ke kaumaha.
He nani maoli nō ka Sapphire. ʻAʻole hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ke kumukūʻai ma muli o ke kala, ka moakāka, ke ʻano ʻoki, ke kaumaha, ke kumu a inā ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a ʻaʻole paha. E ʻoluʻolu e makaʻala i ke kūʻai ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he hōʻailona ia o ka "kūpaʻa a me ke akamai". Mai hoʻohuli ʻia e kēlā "hōkū".
XKH'Mea pōhaku sapeiro synthetic:
ʻO ka pahu uaki Sapphire a XKH:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-12-2025