ʻO nā mokulele kristal a me ke kuhikuhi kristal ʻelua mau manaʻo nui i ka crystallography, pili loa i ke ʻano kristal i ka ʻenehana kaapuni hoʻohui ʻia e pili ana i ka silicon.
1. Ka wehewehe ʻana a me nā waiwai o ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke aniani
Hōʻike ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke aniani i kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī i loko o kahi aniani, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā ʻōkuhi kuhikuhi aniani. Hoʻākāka ʻia ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke aniani ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kekahi mau kiko lattice ʻelua i loko o ke ʻano aniani, a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano penei: loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kuhikuhi aniani kahi helu palena ʻole o nā kiko lattice; hiki i kahi kuhikuhi aniani hoʻokahi ke loaʻa nā kuhikuhi aniani like ʻole e hana ana i kahi ʻohana kuhikuhi aniani; uhi ka ʻohana kuhikuhi aniani i nā kiko lattice āpau i loko o ke aniani.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke kristal e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho kuhikuhi o nā ʻātoma i loko o ke kristal. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke kristal [111] e hōʻike ana i kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī kahi e 1:1:1 ai nā lakio projection o nā axes coordinate ʻekolu.
2. Ka Wehewehena a me nā Waiwai o nā Papahele Crystal
ʻO kahi mokulele kristal he mokulele o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻātoma i loko o kahi kristal, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōkuhi mokulele kristal (nā ʻōkuhi Miller). No ka laʻana, (111) e hōʻike ana ʻo nā reciprocals o nā intercepts o ka mokulele kristal ma nā axes coordinate ma ka lakio o 1:1:1. Loaʻa i ka mokulele kristal nā waiwai penei: aia kēlā me kēia mokulele kristal i kahi helu palena ʻole o nā kiko lattice; loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mokulele kristal kahi helu palena ʻole o nā mokulele like e hana ana i kahi ʻohana mokulele kristal; uhi ka ʻohana mokulele kristal i ka kristal holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā ʻōkuhi Miller e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā intercepts o ka mokulele kristal ma kēlā me kēia axis coordinate, e ʻimi ana i kā lākou reciprocals, a hoʻololi iā lākou i ka ratio integer liʻiliʻi loa. No ka laʻana, aia nā intercepts o ka mokulele kristal (111) ma nā axis x, y, a me z ma ka ratio o 1:1:1.
3. Ka Pilina ma waena o nā Papa Kila a me ke Kuhikuhi Kila
ʻO nā papa aniani a me ke kuhikuhi aniani ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano geometric o kahi aniani. ʻO ke kuhikuhi aniani e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻātoma ma kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī, ʻoiai ʻo ka papa aniani e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻātoma ma kahi mokulele kikoʻī. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea ʻelua kahi pilina like ʻole, akā hōʻike lākou i nā manaʻo kino like ʻole.
Pilina koʻikoʻi: ʻO ke vector maʻamau o kahi mokulele kristal (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke vector perpendicular i kēlā mokulele) e pili ana i kahi kuhikuhi kristal. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke vector maʻamau o ka mokulele kristal (111) e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi kristal [111], ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho atomika ma ke kuhikuhi [111] e perpendicular i kēlā mokulele.
I loko o nā kaʻina hana semiconductor, ʻo ke koho ʻana o nā mokulele kristal e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana o ka hāmeʻa. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā semiconductors i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon, ʻo nā mokulele kristal i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia nā mokulele (100) a me (111) no ka mea he ʻokoʻa ko lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻātoma a me nā ʻano hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. ʻOkoʻa nā waiwai e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka electron a me ka ikehu o ka ʻili ma nā mokulele kristal like ʻole, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hana a me ke kaʻina hana ulu o nā hāmeʻa semiconductor.
4. Nā Hoʻohana Kūpono i nā Kaʻina Hana Semiconductor
I ka hana ʻana o ka semiconductor e pili ana i ka silicon, hoʻohana ʻia ka crystal orientation a me nā mokulele crystal ma nā ʻano he nui:
Ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani: Hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia nā aniani semiconductor ma nā kuhikuhi aniani kikoʻī. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā aniani silikona ma nā kuhikuhi [100] a i ʻole [111] no ka mea, ʻo ke kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka atomika i kēia mau kuhikuhi he kūpono ia no ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani.
Ke Kaʻina Hana ʻEli: I ke kālai ʻana i ka pulu, ʻokoʻa nā wikiwiki o ke kālai ʻana i nā papa kristal like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa nā wikiwiki o ke kālai ʻana ma nā papa (100) a me (111) o ka silicon, e hopena ana i nā hopena kālai ʻana anisotropic.
Nā ʻAno o ka Hāmeʻa: Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka electron i nā hāmeʻa MOSFET e ka mokulele kristal. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana ma ka mokulele (100), ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana nui ai nā MOSFET hou i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon i nā wafers (100).
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻelua mau ala nui e wehewehe ai i ke ʻano o nā kristal i ka crystallography. Hōʻike ke kuhikuhi kristal i nā waiwai kuhikuhi i loko o kahi kristal, ʻoiai ʻo nā mokulele kristal e wehewehe ana i nā mokulele kikoʻī i loko o ke kristal. Pili loa kēia mau manaʻo ʻelua i ka hana semiconductor. Hoʻopilikia pololei ke koho ʻana o nā mokulele kristal i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o ka mea, ʻoiai ʻo ke kuhikuhi kristal e hoʻohuli i ka ulu ʻana o ka kristal a me nā ʻano hana. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā mokulele kristal a me nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana semiconductor a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka hāmeʻa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-08-2024