Ma ka Pōʻakolu, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Pelekikena Biden i kahi ʻaelike e hāʻawi iā Intel me $ 8.5 biliona ma ke kālā pololei a me $ 11 biliona i nā hōʻaiʻē ma lalo o ka CHIPS a me Science Act.E hoʻohana ʻo Intel i kēia kālā no kāna mau wafer fabs ma Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, a me Oregon.E like me ka hōʻike ʻana i kā mākou nūpepa ʻo Dekemaba 2023, hāʻawi ka CHIPS Act i ka huina o $ 52.7 biliona kālā no ka ʻoihana semiconductor US, me ka $ 39 biliona i nā mea hoʻoikaika hana.Ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Intel, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka CHIPS Act i ka huina o $ 1.7 biliona i GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, a me BAE Systems, e like me ka Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Ua lohi ka holomua o ke kālā ma lalo o ke kānāwai CHIPS, me ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o kona hoʻoholo ʻana.Ma muli o ka lohi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ua lohi kekahi mau papahana semiconductor fab ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ua ʻike pū ʻo TSMC i ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā limahana hana kūpono.Ua haʻi ʻo Intel i ka lohi ʻana i ka lohi ʻana i ke kūʻai.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i nā kālā e hoʻolaha i ka hana semiconductor.I Kepakemapa 2023, ua hoʻoholo ka European Union i ka European Chips Act, e kuhikuhi ana i ka € 430 biliona (ma kahi o $ 470 biliona) i nā hoʻopukapuka lehulehu a pilikino no ka ʻoihana semiconductor.I Nowemapa 2023, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Iapana i ¥2 trillion (ma kahi o $13 biliona) no ka hana semiconductor.Ua kau ʻo Taiwan i ke kānāwai i Ianuali 2024 e hāʻawi i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau no nā hui semiconductor.I Malaki 2023, ua hoʻoholo ʻo South Korea i kahi bila e hāʻawi i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau no nā ʻenehana hoʻolālā, me nā semiconductors.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kina e hoʻokumu i kahi kālā $ 40 biliona i kākoʻo ʻia e ke aupuni e kākoʻo i kāna ʻoihana semiconductor.
He aha nā manaʻo no ka semiconductor industry capital expenditure (CapEx) i kēia makahiki?Ke manaʻo nei ka CHIPS Act e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻolimalima kālā, akā ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o ka hopena a hiki i ka makahiki 2024. I ka makahiki i hala, ua hōʻole ʻia ka mākeke semiconductor e 8.2%, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻoihana he nui e lawe i kahi ala makaʻala i ka hoʻolimalima kālā ma 2024. Manaʻo mākou. ʻO ka huina semiconductor CapEx ma 2023 he $169 biliona, he 7% ka emi ʻana mai 2022. Manaʻo mākou i ka emi ʻana o 2% ma CapEx no 2024.
Me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka mākeke hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka noi mai nā noi hou e like me ka naʻauao artificial, manaʻo ʻia nā hui hoʻomanaʻo nui e hoʻonui i ka hoʻolimalima kālā ma 2024. Hoʻolālā ʻo Samsung e mālama i nā hoʻolimalima palahalaha ma 2024 ma $ 37 biliona akā ʻaʻole i ʻoki i ke kālā. nā lilo i 2023. Ua hoʻemi nui ʻo Micron Technology a me SK Hynix i ka hoʻolimalima kālā ma 2023 a hoʻolālā no ka ulu ʻana i ʻelua helu ma 2024.
Hoʻolālā ka hale hoʻokumu nui loa, TSMC, e hoʻolilo ma kahi o $ 28 biliona a i $ 32 biliona ma 2024, me ka median o $ 30 biliona, he 6% ka emi ʻana mai 2023. Hoʻolālā ʻo SMIC e mālama i ka hoʻolimalima kālā palahalaha, ʻoiai ʻo UMC e hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ka 10%.Manaʻo ʻo GlobalFoundries i kahi hōʻemi o 61% i ka hoʻolimalima kālā ma 2024 akā e hoʻonui i ka hoʻolimalima i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale hana hou ma Malta, New York.
Ma waena o Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs), hoʻolālā ʻo Intel e hoʻonui i ka hoʻolimalima kālā ma 2% ma 2024 i $ 26.2 biliona.E hoʻonui ʻo Intel i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā huahana kūloko.ʻO ka hoʻolilo kālā ʻo Texas Instruments e noho paʻa mau ana.Hoʻolālā ʻo TI e hoʻolilo ma kahi o $ 5 biliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i 2026, no kāna hana hou ma Sherman, Texas.E hōʻemi ʻo STMicroelectronics i ka hoʻolimalima kālā ma 39%, aʻo Infineon Technologies e hoʻemi ʻia e 3%.
ʻO Samsung, TSMC, a me Intel, ʻekolu mau mea hoʻolimalima nui, manaʻo ʻia e helu no 57% o ka hoʻolilo ʻoihana semiconductor i ka makahiki 2024.
He aha ke kiʻekiʻe kūpono o ka hoʻolimalima kālā e pili ana i ka mākeke semiconductor?ʻIke ʻia ka volatility o ka mākeke semiconductor.I loko o nā makahiki he 40 i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o ka ulu makahiki mai ka 46% i ka makahiki 1984 a i ka 32% i ka makahiki 2001. ʻOiai ua emi ka volatility o ka ʻoihana i ka wā oʻo, ua hiki i kona ulu ulu ʻana i 26% i nā makahiki ʻelima i hala.Ua hōʻole ʻia e 12% i 2021 a me 12% i 2019. Pono nā hui semiconductor e hoʻolālā i ko lākou hiki no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale hana hou ma kahi o ʻelua makahiki, me ka manawa hou e pono ai no ka hoʻolālā a me ke kālā.ʻO ka hopena, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā lilo semiconductor i ka mākeke semiconductor, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.
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ʻO ka lakio o nā lilo semiconductor capital i ka nui o ka mākeke mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 34% a i kahi haʻahaʻa o 12%.Hāʻule ka lakene ʻelima makahiki ma waena o 28% a me 18%.I loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa mai 1980 a 2023, ua helu ʻia nā kālā kālā no 23% o ka mākeke semiconductor.ʻOiai nā loli, ʻo ke ʻano lōʻihi o kēia lakio ke kūpaʻa mau.Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke ikaika a me ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻolimalima kālā, ke manaʻo nei mākou e emi mai kēia ratio mai 32% i 2023 a i 27% i 2024.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wānana e wānana i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke semiconductor ma waena o 13% a 20% no 2024. ʻO kā mākou naʻauao semiconductor wānana i ka ulu ʻana o 18%.Inā hana ikaika ʻo 2024 e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, hiki i nā hui ke hoʻonui i kā lākou hoʻolālā hoʻolimalima kālā i ka manawa.Hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e ʻike i nā loli maikaʻi i ka hoʻolilo kālā semiconductor i 2024.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-08-2024