I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ua lilo nā mea uila e like me nā smartphones a me nā smartwatches i mau hoa pono. Ke hele nei kēia mau mea hana i ka lohi a ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka mea e hiki ai i kā lākou hoʻomohala mau? Aia ka pane i nā mea semiconductor, a i kēia lā, ke nānā nei mākou i kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi i waena o lākou - saphire crystal.
ʻO ke aniani Sapphire, i haku mua ʻia me α-Al₂O₃, he ʻekolu mau ʻātoma oxygen a me ʻelua mau ʻātoma alumini i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka covalently, e hana ana i kahi hoʻolālā lattice hexagonal. ʻOiai ua like ia me ka sapphire-grade sapphire i ka nānā ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kristal sapphire ʻoihana. Kemika inert, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a kūpaʻa i nā waikawa a me nā alkalis, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he "pale kemika" e mālama i ka paʻa i nā wahi paʻakikī. Hoʻohui hou, hōʻike ia i ke aniani optical maikaʻi loa, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻouna māmā ʻana; ikaika ka thermal conductivity, pale i ka overheating; a me ka hoʻokuʻu uila koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona paʻa me ka ʻole o ka leakage. Mechanically, kaena ʻo sapphire i ka paʻakikī Mohs o 9, ʻelua wale nō i ke daimana, e hana ana ia i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka pale ʻana i ka erosion-kūpono no nā noi koi.
ʻO ka mea kaua huna ma ka hana chip
(1) Mea Ko'iko'i no na Kipa Mana Haahaa
E like me ke ʻano o ka uila uila i ka miniaturization a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ua lilo nā chips haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i mea koʻikoʻi. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā pahu kuʻuna i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa insulation ma nā mānoanoa nanoscale, e alakaʻi ana i ka leakage o kēia manawa, hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, a me ka wela nui, ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ke kūpaʻa a me ke ola.
Ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi ma ka Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, i nā wafers dielectric sapphire artificial me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana oxidation metala-intercalated, e hoʻohuli ana i ka alumini kalakala hoʻokahi i ka alumina kristal hoʻokahi (sapphire). Ma ka mānoanoa 1 nm, hōʻike kēia mea i ka leakage ultra-haʻahaʻa i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā dielectrics amorphous maʻamau e ʻelua kauoha o ka nui o ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka mokuʻāina a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka interface me 2D semiconductors. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia me nā mea 2D e hiki ai i nā chips haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hoʻonui nui i ke ola pākaukau i nā smartphones a hoʻonui i ka paʻa i nā noi AI a me IoT.
(2) ʻO ka hoa kūpono no Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Ma ke kahua semiconductor, ua puka mai ka gallium nitride (GaN) ma ke ʻano he hōkū ʻālohilohi ma muli o kāna mau pono kūʻokoʻa. Ma ke ʻano he mea semiconductor ākea-bandgap me kahi bandgap o 3.4 eV—ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka silicon's 1.1 eV—Ua ʻoi aku ka GaN i nā noi kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-voltage, a me nā alapine kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona mobility electron kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika o ke kahua hoʻohaʻahaʻa koʻikoʻi e lilo ia i mea kūpono no ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, a me ka mālamalama kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka uila uila, hana nā mea hoʻokumu GaN i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻololi mana a me ka hoʻokele ikehu. Ma nā kamaʻilio microwave, hiki i ka GaN ke hiki i nā mea mana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-frequency e like me 5G power amplifier, hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona a me ke kūpaʻa.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Sapphire crystal ka "hoa pili" no GaN. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna lattice mismatch me GaN ma mua o ka silicon carbide (SiC), hōʻike nā substrates sapphire i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wā epitaxy GaN, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kumu paʻa no ka ulu ʻana o GaN. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity thermal o ka sapphire a me ka optical transparency e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wela i nā mea mana GaN kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka paʻa o ka hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopuka kukui. ʻO kāna mau waiwai insulation uila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona a me ka nalowale o ka mana. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka sapphire a me GaN ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe, me nā LED i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo GaN, ka mea i hoʻomalu i nā kukui a me nā mākeke hōʻike-mai nā ʻōpuʻu LED home a i nā pale nui waho-a me nā diodes laser i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kamaʻilio optical a me ka hoʻoponopono laser precision.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire wafer
Hoʻonui i nā palena o nā noi Semiconductor
(1) ʻO ka "Paʻi" ma nā noi koa a me nā Aerospace
Hoʻohana pinepine nā mea hana i ka pūʻali koa a me ka aerospace ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Ma ka lewa, hoʻomanawanui ka mokulele i nā mahana kokoke-ʻole-ʻole, ka hahau ʻana o ka cosmic ikaika, a me nā pilikia o kahi kaiapuni. ʻO nā mokulele koa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke alo nei i nā wela o ka ʻili ma mua o 1,000 ° C ma muli o ka hoʻomehana aerodynamic i ka wā holo kiʻekiʻe, me nā ukana mechanical kiʻekiʻe a me ka interference electromagnetic.
ʻO nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o Sapphire crystal he mea kūpono ia no nā mea koʻikoʻi i kēia mau kula. ʻO kona kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe - kū i ka 2,045 ° C me ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hoʻolālā - e hōʻoia i ka hana hilinaʻi ma lalo o ke kaumaha wela. Mālama ʻia kona paʻakikī radiation i ka hana ma ka honua cosmic a me ka nuklea, me ka pale pono ʻana i nā uila uila. Ua alakaʻi kēia mau ʻano i ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o ka sapphire i nā puka makani infrared (IR) wela kiʻekiʻe. I nā ʻōnaehana alakaʻi missile, pono nā puka makani IR e mālama i ka mālamalama opua ma lalo o ka wela nui a me ka wikiwiki e hōʻoia i ka ʻike kikoʻī. Hoʻohui ʻia nā puka makani IR-based Sapphire i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe me ka transmittance IR kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka pololei alakaʻi. Ma ka aerospace, pale ʻo sapphire i nā ʻōnaehana optical satellite, e hiki ai ke kiʻi ʻike i nā kūlana orbital koʻikoʻi.
ʻO XKHpuka aniani sapphire
(2) Ka New Foundation for Superconductors and Microelectronics
Ma ka superconductivity, lawelawe ʻo sapphire ma ke ʻano he substrate koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni, e hiki ai i ka hoʻokele kūʻokoʻa ʻole-hoʻololi i ka mana, nā kaʻaahi maglev, a me nā ʻōnaehana MRI. Pono nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni superconducting kiʻekiʻe i nā substrate me nā hale lattice paʻa, a ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka sapphire me nā mea like me ka magnesium diboride (MgB₂) e hiki ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o kēia manawa a me ke kahua magnetic koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi nā kaula uila e hoʻohana ana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni superconducting i kākoʻo ʻia e ka sapphire i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nalowale o ka ikehu.
I loko o ka microelectronics, nā substrate sapphire me nā ʻano crystallographic kikoʻī—e like me R-plane (<1-102>) a me A-plane (<11-20>)—e hiki ai i nā papa epitaxial silicon i hoʻopili ʻia no nā kaapuni hoʻohui holomua (ICs). Hoʻemi ʻo R-plane sapphire i nā hemahema aniani i nā IC kiʻekiʻe, hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka hana a me ke kūpaʻa, ʻoiai nā waiwai insulating o A-plane sapphire a me ka ʻae like ʻole e hoʻonui i ka microelectronics hybrid a me ka hoʻohui superconductor kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokumu kēia mau substrates i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻopili helu kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana kelepona.
XKH'sAlN-ma-NPSS Wafer
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o Sapphire Crystal ma Semiconductors
Ua hōʻike mua ʻo Sapphire i ka waiwai nui ma waena o nā semiconductors, mai ka hana chip a i ka aerospace a me nā superconductors. Ke holomua nei ka ʻenehana, e hoʻonui hou ʻia kāna kuleana. Ma ka naʻauao akamai, kākoʻo ʻia nā sapphire haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā pahu hana kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i nā holomua AI i ka mālama olakino, kaʻa, a me ke kālā. Ma ka helu helu quantum, hoʻonoho nā waiwai waiwai o ka sapphire ma ke ʻano he moho hoʻohiki no ka hoʻohui qubit. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻokō nā polokalamu GaN-on-sapphire i nā koi piʻi no ka lako kamaʻilio 5G/6G. Ke neʻe nei i mua, e noho mau ka sapphire i pōhaku kihi o ka hana hou semiconductor, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka holomua ʻenehana o ke kanaka.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial wafer
Hāʻawi ʻo XKH i nā puka aniani sapphire i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia a me GaN-on-sapphire wafer solutions no nā noi ʻokiʻoki. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka ulu kristal waiwai a me nā ʻenehana polishing nanoscale, hāʻawi mākou i nā puka makani sapphire ultra-flat me ka hoʻouna ʻokoʻa mai UV a i IR spectra, kūpono no ka aerospace, pale, a me nā ʻōnaehana laser mana kiʻekiʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-18-2025