ʻO ke ʻano hana ky kristal boule ingot sapphire i ulu ʻia

ʻO ke ʻano kristal boule ingot sapphire i ulu ʻia ʻo ky Kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia

Wehewehe Pōkole:

An boule sapphire i ulu aʻehe ingot sapphire kristal hoʻokahi i hana pololei ʻia mai ka umu ulu a hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ka hana lua e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana, a i ʻole ka polishing. Hāʻawi ia i ka paʻakikī kūikawā, ka inertness kemika, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka transparency optical ākea mai UV a i IR. ʻO kēia mau waiwai e lilo ia i mea hoʻomaka kūpono no ka hana ʻana i lalo i loko o nā puka makani, nā wafers/substrates, nā aniani, a me nā uhi pale. ʻO nā hoʻohana hope maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻāpana LED a me laser, nā puka makani infrared/ʻike ʻia, nā maka uaki a me nā mea kani e kūʻē i ke kapa, a me nā substrates no RF, sensor, a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia nā Boules e ke kuhikuhi kristal, ke anawaena/lōʻihi, ka dislocation a i ʻole ka hemahema o ka density, ke ʻano like o ke kala, a me nā hoʻokomo, me nā lawelawe koho i loaʻa no ke kuhikuhi ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kikoʻī o ka mea kūʻai aku.

E leka uila mai iā mākou

Nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻAno Ingot

ka nui o ka ʻiota

Kiʻi Ingot

Kiʻikuhi kikoʻī

ʻIke laulā

A sapphire boulehe kristal hoʻokahi nui i ulu ʻia o ka alumini oxide (Al₂O₃) e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he feedstock uka no nā wafers sapphire, nā puka makani optical, nā ʻāpana pale ʻaʻahu, a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā pōhaku makamae. MePaʻakikī Mohs 9, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa(kiko heheʻe ~2050 °C), a meka ʻike ākea o ka pūnaeweleMai ka UV a i ka mid-IR, ʻo ka sapeiro ka mea hoʻohālikelike kahi e pono ai ke kū like ka lōʻihi, ka maʻemaʻe, a me ka maikaʻi o ka optical.

Hāʻawi mākou i nā boules sapphire kala ʻole a doped i hana ʻia e nā ʻano ulu i hōʻoia ʻia e ka ʻoihana, i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia noʻO ka epitaxy GaN/AlGaN, nā maka kikoʻī, a menā ʻāpana ʻoihana hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe.

No ke aha ʻo Sapphire Boule mai iā mākou

ʻO ke ʻano kristal mua:haʻahaʻa ke kaumaha kūloko, haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka pehu/striae, ka mana hoʻonohonoho paʻa no ka ʻoki ʻana i lalo a me ka epitaxy.
Ka loli o ke kaʻina hana:Nā koho ulu KY/HEM/CZ/Verneuil e kaulike i ka nui, ke kaumaha, a me ke kumukūʻai no kāu noi.
ʻAno hoʻohālikelike hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia:ʻano poepoe, ʻano kāloti, a i ʻole nā boules poloka me nā pālahalaha maʻamau, nā mālama hua/hopena, a me nā mokulele kuhikuhi.
Hiki ke hahai ʻia a hana hou ʻia:nā moʻolelo pūʻulu, nā hōʻike metrology, a me nā pae hoʻomaopopo i kūlike i kāu kikoʻī.

Nā ʻenehana ulu

KY (Kyropoulos):Nā boules nui ke anawaena, haʻahaʻa ke kaumaha; makemake ʻia no nā wafers epi-grade a me nā optics kahi e pono ai ke kaulike birefringence.
HEM (ʻAno Hoʻololi Wela):Nā gradients thermal maikaʻi loa a me ka kaohi stress; he mea hoihoi no nā optics mānoanoa a me nā mea hānai epi premium.
CZ (Czochralski):Ka mana ikaika o ke kuhikuhi a me ke hana hou ʻana; koho maikaʻi no ka ʻoki mau ʻana me ka hua kiʻekiʻe.
Verneuil (Flame-Fusion):Kūʻai kūpono, throughput kiʻekiʻe; kūpono no nā optics laulā, nā ʻāpana mechanical, a me nā preforms gem.

Ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke aniani, ke ʻano honua a me ka nui

Nā kuhikuhi maʻamau: mokulele-c (0001), mokulele-a (11-20), mokulele-r (1-102), mokulele-m (10-10); loaʻa nā mokulele maʻamau.
Pololei o ke kuhikuhi ʻana:≤ ±0.1° e Laue/XRD (ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma ke noi).
Nā ʻAno:nā boule ʻano cylindrical a kāloti paha, nā poloka huinahā/ʻehā huinahā, a me nā koʻokoʻo.
ʻEke pepa nui maʻamau: Ø30–220 mm, ka lōʻihi 50–400 mm(nui/liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e like me ke kauoha).
Nā hiʻohiʻona Hopena/Kuhikuhi:ka mīkini ʻana i nā hua/ʻaoʻao hopena, nā pālahalaha kuhikuhi/notches, a me nā fiducials no ke kaulike ʻana ma lalo.

Nā Waiwai Mea a me nā ʻIke Optical

Hoʻonohonoho ʻana:Al₂O₃ aniani hoʻokahi, maʻemaʻe o ka mea maka ≥ 99.99%.
Ka nui o ka paʻa:~3.98 g/cm³
Paʻakikī:Mohs 9
ʻIke kuhikuhi refractive (589 nm): nₒ≈ 1.768,nₑ≈ 1.760 (uniaxial maikaʻi ʻole; Δn ≈ 0.008)
Puka makani hoʻoili: UV a i ~5 µm(e pili ana i ka mānoanoa a me ka haumia)
Ka hoʻokele wela (300 K):~25 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
CTE (20–300 °C):~5–8 × 10⁻⁶ /K (e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi ʻana)
Modulus o Young:~345 GPa
Uila:Hoʻokaʻawale kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ke kū'ē ʻana o ka leo maʻamau ≥ 10¹⁴ Ω·cm)

Nā Māka a me nā Koho

Papa Epitaxy:ʻO nā pehu/striae haʻahaʻa loa a me ka birefringence stress i hoʻemi ʻia no nā wafers GaN/AlGaN MOCVD kiʻekiʻe (2-8 ʻīniha a ma luna aʻe o ke kahawai).
Papa ʻIke:Ka hoʻoili kūloko kiʻekiʻe a me ka homogeneity no nā puka makani, nā aniani, a me nā viewports IR.
Papa Laulā/Mīkini:He meaʻai paʻa, i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no ke kumukūʻai no nā kristal uaki, nā pihi, nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu, a me nā hale.
Hoʻohuihui/Kala:
- ʻAʻohe kala(maʻamau)
  Cr:Al₂O₃(ʻulaʻula),Ti:Al₂O₃hana (Ti:sapphire)
  Nā chromophores ʻē aʻe (Fe/Ti) ma ke noi

Nā noi

Semiconductor: Nā substrates no nā GaN LEDs, micro-LEDs, power HEMTs, nā mea hana RF (sapphire wafer feedstock).

ʻIke maka & Photonics: Nā puka makani wela/kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā puka nānā IR, nā puka makani lua laser, nā uhi mea ʻike.

Mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hiki ke komo: Nā kristal uaki, nā uhi aniani kāmela, nā uhi ʻike manamana lima, nā ʻāpana waho kiʻekiʻe.

ʻOihana a me ka Lehulehu: Nā Nozzles, nā noho valve, nā apo sila, nā puka makani pale, a me nā puka nānā.

Ka ulu ʻana o ka Laser/Crystal: Ti:sapphire a me nā kikowaena ruby mai nā boules i hoʻohuihui ʻia.

ʻIkepili I Ka Nānā ʻAna (Maʻamau, no ka ʻike)

Palena	Waiwai (Maʻamau)
Hoʻonohonoho ʻana	Al₂O₃ aniani hoʻokahi (≥ 99.99% maʻemaʻe)
Hoʻonohonoho	c / a / r / m (maʻamau ma ke noi)
Papa Kuhikuhi @ 589 nm	nₒ≈ 1.768,nₑ≈ 1.760
Ka Pae Hoʻoili	~0.2–5 µm (e pili ana i ka mānoanoa)
Ka Hoʻokele Wela	~25 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ (300 K)
CTE (20–300 °C)	~5–8 × 10⁻⁶/K
Modulus o Young	~345 GPa
Ka nui o ka paʻa	~3.98 g/cm³
Paʻakikī	Mohs 9
Uila	Hoʻokaʻawale; kū'ē i ka nui ≥ 10¹⁴ Ω·cm

Kaʻina Hana Hana Wafer Sapphire

Ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alumina maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (Al₂O₃) a ulu ʻia i loko o kahi ingot kristal sapphire hoʻokahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kaʻO Kyropoulos (KY) or ʻO Czochralski (CZ)ʻano hana.
Ka Hana ʻana i nā Ingot
Hoʻopilikino ʻia ka ʻiʻo i kahi ʻano maʻamau - ka ʻoki ʻana, ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke anawaena, a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hope.
ʻokiʻoki ʻana
Ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻiʻo sapphire i loko o nā wafers lahilahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahiʻoki uea daimana.
Lapping ʻaoʻao pālua
Ua ʻōwili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka wafer e wehe i nā māka o ka ʻoki a hoʻokō i ka mānoanoa like.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
Hoʻomehana ʻia nā wafers ihoʻokuʻu i ke kaumaha kūlokoa hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke aniani a me ka moakāka.
Wili Lihi
Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ka wafer e pale aku ai i ka nahā ʻana a me ka haki ʻana i ka wā e hana hou aku ai.
Ke kau ʻana
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wafers ma luna o nā mea lawe a i ʻole nā mea paʻa no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.
DMP (Hoʻopili ʻana i ka mīkini ʻelua ʻaoʻao)
Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻili wafer me ka mīkini e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka laumania o ka ʻili.
CMP (Hoʻopili Kemika Mekanika)
He hana hoʻopili maikaʻi e hoʻohui ana i nā hana kemika a me nā hana mechanical e hana i kahiʻili e like me ke aniani.
Nānā ʻIke
Nānā nā mea hoʻohana a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana hana ponoʻī no nā hemahema ʻili i ʻike ʻia.
Nānā ʻana i ka Palahalaha
Ana ʻia ke ʻano pālahalaha a me ka mānoanoa e hōʻoia i ka pololei o nā ana.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe RCA
Hoʻopau ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika maʻamau i nā mea haumia organik, metala, a me nā mea haumia ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōpala
Hoʻopau ka holoi mīkini i nā ʻāpana microscopic i koe.
Nānā ʻana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili
ʻIke ka nānā ʻana opio aunoa i nā kīnā liʻiliʻi e like me nā ʻōpala, nā lua, a i ʻole ka haumia.

Ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alumina maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (Al₂O₃) a ulu ʻia i loko o kahi ingot kristal sapphire hoʻokahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kaʻO Kyropoulos (KY) or ʻO Czochralski (CZ)ʻano hana.
Ka Hana ʻana i nā Ingot
Hoʻopilikino ʻia ka ʻiʻo i kahi ʻano maʻamau - ka ʻoki ʻana, ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke anawaena, a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hope.
ʻokiʻoki ʻana
Ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻiʻo sapphire i loko o nā wafers lahilahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahiʻoki uea daimana.
Lapping ʻaoʻao pālua
Ua ʻōwili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka wafer e wehe i nā māka o ka ʻoki a hoʻokō i ka mānoanoa like.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
Hoʻomehana ʻia nā wafers ihoʻokuʻu i ke kaumaha kūlokoa hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke aniani a me ka moakāka.
Wili Lihi
Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ka wafer e pale aku ai i ka nahā ʻana a me ka haki ʻana i ka wā e hana hou aku ai.
Ke kau ʻana
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wafers ma luna o nā mea lawe a i ʻole nā mea paʻa no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.
DMP (Hoʻopili ʻana i ka mīkini ʻelua ʻaoʻao)
Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻili wafer me ka mīkini e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka laumania o ka ʻili.
CMP (Hoʻopili Kemika Mekanika)
He hana hoʻopili maikaʻi e hoʻohui ana i nā hana kemika a me nā hana mechanical e hana i kahiʻili e like me ke aniani.
Nānā ʻIke
Nānā nā mea hoʻohana a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana hana ponoʻī no nā hemahema ʻili i ʻike ʻia.
Nānā ʻana i ka Palahalaha
Ana ʻia ke ʻano pālahalaha a me ka mānoanoa e hōʻoia i ka pololei o nā ana.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe RCA
Hoʻopau ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika maʻamau i nā mea haumia organik, metala, a me nā mea haumia ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōpala
Hoʻopau ka holoi mīkini i nā ʻāpana microscopic i koe.
Nānā ʻana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili
ʻIke ka nānā ʻana opio aunoa i nā kīnā liʻiliʻi e like me nā ʻōpala, nā lua, a i ʻole ka haumia.

Sapphire Boule (Single-Crystal Al₂O₃) — FAQ

Q1: He aha ka sapphire boule?
A: He kristal hoʻokahi i ulu aʻe o ka alumini oxide (Al₂O₃). ʻO ia ka "ingot" uka i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā wafers sapphire, nā puka makani optical, a me nā ʻāpana hoʻohana nui.

Q2: Pehea e pili ai ka boule i nā wafers a i ʻole nā puka makani?
A: Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka boule → ʻoki ʻia → lapped → poli ʻia e hana i nā wafers epi-grade a i ʻole nā ʻāpana optical/mechanical. ʻO ke ʻano like o ka boule kumu e pili nui ana i ka hua ma hope.

Q3: He aha nā ʻano ulu e loaʻa ana a pehea lākou e ʻokoʻa ai?
A: KY (Kyropoulos)a meHEMhua nui,haʻahaʻa ke kaumahanā boules—makemake ʻia no ka epitaxy a me nā optics kiʻekiʻe.CZ (Czochralski)hāʻawi maikaʻi loakaohi kuhikuhia me ke kūlike o ka hailona.ʻO Verneuil (ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke ahi) is mālama kālāno nā optics laulā a me nā preforms gem.

Q4: He aha nā kuhikuhi āu e hāʻawi ai? He aha ka pololei maʻamau?
A: mokulele-c (0001), mokulele-a (11-20), mokulele-r (1-102), mokulele-m (10-10), a me nā kuʻuna. ʻO ka pololei o ke kuhikuhi ʻana ma ke ʻano maʻamau≤ ±0.1°ua hōʻoia ʻia e Laue/XRD (ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma ke noi).

Ma mua: Nā Lako ʻoki Uea no nā Mea Sapphire/Ceramics/Marble ma ka ʻoki ʻana i Vertical/Horizontal/Multi-Wire

Aʻe: Nā Kaiapuni Koʻikoʻi o ka Hoʻoili Mālamalama Fiber Optical Sapphire

Nā Kristal Papa Optical me ka Hoʻokele ʻōpala kūloko kuleana

Hana ʻia kā mākou mau boule sapphire a pau ipapa ʻike maka, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe, ka homogeneity paʻa, a me ka hoʻokomo haʻahaʻa/bubble a me nā dislocation densities no nā optics koi a me nā mea uila. Hoʻomalu mākou i ka crystal orientation a me ka birefringence mai ka hua a i ka boule, me ka traceability piha a me ke kūlike ma waena o nā holo. Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia nā ana, nā orientations (c-, a-, r-plane), a me nā tolerances i kāu mau pono slicing/polishing downstream.
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i hāʻule ʻole i nā kikoʻī kikoʻīhana ʻia ma loko o ka halema o kahi kaʻina hana pani paʻa—i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hana hou ʻia, a hoʻolei ʻia me ke kuleana—i loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maikaʻi hilinaʻi me ka ʻole o ka lawelawe ʻana a i ʻole nā kaumaha hoʻokō. Hoʻemi kēia ʻano hana i ka pilikia, hoʻopōkole i nā manawa alakaʻi, a kākoʻo i kāu mau pahuhopu hoʻomau.

Kaupaona Ingot (kg)	2″	4″	6″	8″	12″	Nā memo
10–30	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kaupalena ʻia/hiki	ʻAʻole maʻamau	ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia	ʻOki liʻiliʻi; 6″ ma muli o ke anawaena/lōʻihi e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.
30–80	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kaupalena ʻia/hiki	ʻAʻole maʻamau	Ka pono ākea; i kekahi manawa he 8″ nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo.
80–150	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	ʻAʻole maʻamau	Kaulike maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana he 6–8″.
150–250	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kaupalena ʻia/R&D	Kākoʻo i nā hoʻokolohua mua he 12″ me nā kikoʻī paʻa.
250–300	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kaupalena ʻia/kikoʻī ʻia	Leo kiʻekiʻe 8″; holo koho 12″.
>300	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Kūpono	Palena-unahi; 12″ hiki ke hana me ka like like/kaohi hua paʻa.