Nā Paipu Sapphire e Hoʻonui ana i ka Hilinaʻi Thermocouple

Nā Paipu Sapphire e Hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka Hilinaʻi Thermocouple Kiʻi i Hōʻike ʻia

Wehewehe Pōkole:

I ka ʻoihana hou, ʻo ka nānā pono ʻana i ka mahana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o ka kaohi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ka hōʻoia maikaʻi, a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana. ʻO nā Thermocouples—nā mea ʻike mahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia—e hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā wahi paʻakikī e like me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, nā kemika corrosive, nā ʻōnaehana vacuum, a me nā kahua plasma. ʻO ka pale pono ʻana i kēia mau mea ʻike he mea nui ia no ke kūpaʻa o ka hana. ʻO nā paipu sapphire, i hana ʻia mai ka synthetic single-crystal aluminum oxide, ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hilinaʻi loa no ia ʻano palekana. Ke nānā nei kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano kūikawā o nā paipu sapphire, kā lākou hoʻohana like ʻole, a ʻoi aku hoʻi, kā lākou hana kūikawā e like me nā ʻūpā pale thermocouple.

E leka uila mai iā mākou

Nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻikuhi kikoʻī

Hoʻolauna

Mea Kiʻekiʻe Loa no nā Noi Koi

He ʻano kristala ka sapeiro o ka alumini oxide (Al₂O₃) a ua helu ʻia ma lalo iki o ke daimana ma ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī, e helu ana i 9 ma ka unahi Mohs. ʻO kēia paʻakikī kūikawā e hoʻoikaika ai i nā paipu sapeiro i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻōpala, ka abrasion, a me ka hopena mechanical, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana a ikaika paha.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ikaika mechanical, ua mahalo nui ʻia nā paipu sapphire no ko lākou kūpaʻa kemika. Noho paʻa lākou a inert i ke alo o ka hapa nui o nā waikawa, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā kinoea reactive, me ka hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, a me nā hui sulfur. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hana pono i nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā kemika hoʻouka kaua a i ʻole plasma.

Eia kekahi, he mea kupaianaha ka hana wela o ka sapphire. Kūpaʻa ia i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i nā mahana a hiki i ka 2000°C me ka mālama ʻana i kona kūpaʻa kūkulu. Kākoʻo kona conductivity thermal i ka hoʻoili wela wikiwiki, kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai i nā ʻōnaehana ʻike mahana.

ʻO kekahi pono nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia kona ʻike maka ma waena o nā nalu ultraviolet, ʻike ʻia, a me ka infrared—mai kahi o 0.3 μm a i 5 μm. ʻO kēia ka mea e kūpono ai nā ʻōmole sapphire no ka ʻike maka ʻana a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana nānā thermal-optical i hui pū ʻia.

Nā Thermocouples a me ka Pono no ka Palekana

He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā Thermocouples i loko o nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole, mai nā umu kila a me nā ʻenekini turbine a hiki i nā reactors semiconductor a me nā lako hana kemika. Hoʻopuka kēia mau mea hana i kahi uila e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ma waena o ʻelua metala like ʻole i hui ʻia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻOiai he maʻalahi a paʻa nā thermocouples, ʻo ko lākou ʻike pololei ʻana i ka wela, nā mea ʻino, a me ka haʻalulu mechanical hiki ke hoʻopōkole loa i ko lākou ola lawelawe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha i ka pololei o nā heluhelu mahana.

ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻohana ai nā paipu sapphire ma ke ʻano he mau ʻūpā pale. Ma ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ka thermocouple i loko o kahi paipu sapphire, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sensor mai ke kaiapuni ʻino ʻoiai e ʻae ana i ka hoʻoili wela kūpono. ʻO ka hopena he sensor lōʻihi a hilinaʻi hoʻi e mālama ana i ka pololei mau ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana hana hoʻonāukiuki.

ʻO ka conductivity thermal o Sapphire e ʻae i ka wela e hiki koke a like i ka thermocouple, e hōʻemi ana i ka lag mahana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa pane. Eia kekahi, ʻo kona kūpaʻa i ka hoʻouka kemika e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka sensor e nā koena, ka pala, a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea—nā pilikia e hoʻopilikia pinepine ai i nā pale pale metala a i ʻole ka seramika.

Nā Hihia Hoʻohana i ka Nānā ʻana i ka Mahana

I loko o nā umu wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻōmole sapphire e pale i nā thermocouples e nānā ana i nā kūlana hana koʻikoʻi. He mea nui ko lākou kūpaʻa kemika i nā lewa waiwai i nā kinoea halogen, nā metala heheʻe, a i ʻole nā mahu reactive. Eia kekahi laʻana:

Hana Hana SemiconductorMālama nā ʻūpā sapphire i nā thermocouples i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka epitaxial, ka wafer annealing, a me nā kaʻina hana doping, kahi e pono ai nā wahi maʻemaʻe a me ka kaohi mahana pololei.
Nā Mea Hana KemikaI nā hopena catalytic a i ʻole nā wahi mahu ʻino, hōʻoia nā paipu sapphire i ka pale lōʻihi o nā probes mahana, e hoʻopau ana i nā hopohopo haumia.
Nā umu hoʻoheheʻe wai: Pale aku nā paipu sapphire i ka oxidation a me ka hōʻino mechanical i nā thermocouples i ka wā e hana ana ma lalo o ka vacuum a i ʻole nā kinoea inert haʻahaʻa.
Nā ʻōnaehana puhiʻO nā ʻenekini jet, nā turbine kinoea, a me nā mea puhi ʻoihana e hilinaʻi pinepine nei i nā thermocouples i pale ʻia e ka sapphire e nānā i nā pae wela koʻikoʻi no ka hana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu sapphire, hiki i nā ʻenekinia ke hoʻolaha i nā thermocouples i nā kūlana e luku nui ʻia no nā ʻūpā metala maʻamau a i ʻole ke aniani. Hoʻonui kēia i ka laulā hana o nā ʻōnaehana nānā wela a hoʻonui i kā lākou hana lōʻihi.

Nā Hoʻohana ʻOihana ʻē aʻe o nā Paipu Sapphire

ʻOiai ʻo ka pale ʻana o ka thermocouple kahi noi nui, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōmole sapphire i nā ʻenehana holomua ʻē aʻe he nui:

Nā Kukui Hoʻokuʻu ʻIke Kiʻekiʻe (HID)Ma ke ʻano he mau mea envelopp, kū nā paipu sapphire i ka wela nui a me ka radiation UV/IR me ka ʻole o ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole ka palupalu ʻana.
Nā Keʻena Etching PlasmaHoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau wahi nānā a me nā moku hoʻopaʻa ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa i ka ʻaʻai ʻana.
Ka ʻIke ʻIke Optical InlineE hoʻā i ka spectroscopy, imaging, a me nā diagnostics laser ma o nā pipeline hana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka medium.
Ka Hoʻōla Wai a me nā Mea LapaʻauMa muli o ko lākou bio-inertness a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, kūpono nā ʻōmole sapphire no nā ʻōnaehana e koi ana i ka sterility a me ka non-reactivity.
Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouna laser: Ke alakaʻi nei nā ʻōmole sapphire i nā kukuna mana kiʻekiʻe me ka pohō optical liʻiliʻi a me ka kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe loa.

Loaʻa i kēia mau noi ka pōmaikaʻi mai nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka sapphire—ka inertness kemika, ka maopopo o ka optical, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa wela—ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole e like me ka aerospace, ka mālama ola, nā petrochemicals, a me nā mea uila.

Nā Waiwai Kino Koʻikoʻi o nā Paipu Sapphire

Pae Māliko: 0.3–5.0 μm (UV a i IR), kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike maka, laser, a me ka spectroscopic
PaʻakikīMohs 9—kūpaʻa i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻili
Ke kū'ē welaPaʻa a hiki i 2030°C, me ke alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻololi wela wikiwiki
Ka Paʻa KemikaʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā waikawa, a me nā alkalis
Hoʻokaʻawale Uila: Paʻa mau dielectric a me ka pohō dielectric haʻahaʻa
Paʻa AnaKūpaʻa i ka hoʻonui wela a me ka deformation ma lalo o ke kaomi
Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka plasmaKūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kahua ikehu kiʻekiʻe e like me PECVD a i ʻole ke kau ʻana o ka ion

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo a me nā Pōmaikaʻi no nā ʻōnaehana Thermocouple

Lawe mai nā ʻōmole sapphire i kahi hui like ʻole o nā ʻano e kūpono ai lākou noka palekana thermocouple:
- Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pololeiʻO ke alakaʻi wela kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai ke pane wikiwiki
- Ka Paʻa LoaʻO ke kūpaʻa i ke komo ʻana a me ka palaho e pale aku i nā mea ʻike i ka wā lōʻihi
- Hana PaʻaMālama i ka pono mechanical ʻoiai i nā ukana thermal cycling
- ʻAʻole haumia: Hoʻemi nā ʻili inert kemika i nā kumu hewa
- Ka hiki ke hana like ʻole: Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia o ka ʻike optical me ka nānā ʻana i ka thermal

Hopena

Aia nā Thermocouples ma ka puʻuwai o nā ʻōnaehana palekana i ka mahana, a ʻo ko lākou hilinaʻi e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma ke ʻano o ko lākou hale pale. ʻO nā paipu Sapphire, mahalo i ko lākou mau waiwai mea kupaianaha, hāʻawi i ka hui maikaʻi loa o ke kūpaʻa wela, ka pale mechanical, a me ka maʻemaʻe kemika. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana i ke koi ʻana i ka pololei a me ke kūpaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana thermal, ke lilo nei nā thermocouples i pale ʻia e ka paipu sapphire i mea hoʻonā koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēlā mau manaʻolana.

Ma mua: Nā Lako Hoʻokiʻekiʻe Laser Semiconductor

Aʻe: ʻO nā lako hana hāpai laser Semiconductor e hoʻololi i ka lahilahi o ka ingot